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Marine litter—and its effects on marine life, beaches, and fisheries —has become a pressing issue for South Africa. The proponents underscore that the country has grown increasingly concerned about beach litter originating from river systems. The project will demonstrate how a 'Source to Sea' approach in five river systems in KwaZulu-Natal, can reduce litter generation and recover litter with river basin-wide interventions.

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Marine and coastal ecosystems are impacted by natural and anthropogenic stressors. Discharge of domestic, industrial and agricultural wastes into marine ecosystems results in deterioration of water and sediment quality with negative impacts on ecosystem integrity, biodiversity conservation, shoreline stability, community livelihood, and revenue generation. Mtwapa Creek, an Indian Ocean inlet along the Kenya coast receives wastewater from point and non-point sources resulting in deteriorating water quality.
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The Bombetoka Estuary is highly vulnerable to pollution from Mahajanga city’s tourism, agricultural, industrial, and other sectors. Tests of the water by the National Centre For Environmental Research (CNRE) indicate the presence of toxic heavy metals and hydrocarbons that pose serious risks to both human and marine life. The project will demonstrate how water quality and sediments can be improved by developing a regulatory framework and monitoring system—a framework which will provide the basis for the development of national wastewater standards.

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Mangroves are important ecosystems for communities in coastal Mozambique through the various goods and services they provide including food, fuelwood, coastal protection, and temperature regulation, among others. These important ecosystems are however threatened by anthropogenic activities such as over-harvesting, coastal development and conversion of mangrove areas for urban development.

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The Mauritius Oceanography Institute (MOI), was established in January 2000 by the proclamation of the MOI Act (Act No. 24 of 1999). The need to rationalise and co-ordinate research and development activities related to Oceanography was the motive for the setting up of the MOI.

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The Department of Environmental Affairs is mandated to give effect to the right of citizens to an environment that is not harmful to their health or wellbeing, and to have the environment protected for the benefit of present and future generations. To this end, the department provides leadership in environmental management, conservation and protection towards sustainability for the benefit of South Africans and the global community. 
The branches of the Department of Environmental Affairs are:
  • Air Quality and Climate Change
  • Biodiversity & Conservation